中文版
The first chapter measure
Now in the world the length Measuring unit mainly has two kinds, one kind is the metric system, the Measuring unit for the rice (m), the centimeter (cm), the millimeter (mm) and so on, in Southeast Asia uses and so on Europe, our country and Japan are many, another kind is the British system, the Measuring unit mainly for the inch (inch), is equal in our country old system's city inch, in European and American countries uses and so on US, Britain are many.
1st, metric measurement: (10 enter system)
1m =100 cm=1000 mm
2nd, British system measurement: (8 enter system)
1 inch =8 UK divides 1 inch =25.4 mm3/8￠￠×25.4 =9.52
3rd, 1/4￠￠ the following product expresses its name diameter with the designation, for example: 4#,5#,6#,7#,8#,10#,12#
The third chapter material
First, in the present market the standard letter mainly has the carbon steel, the stainless steel, the copper three materials.
(one) carbon steel. We foresee accurately the carbon by the carbon steel the content to differentiate the low-carbon steel, the medium carbon steel and the high-carbon steel as well as the alloy steel.
1st, the low-carbon steel C%≤0.25% homes usually are called a3 steel. Overseas is called 1008,1015,1018,1022 and so on basically. Mainly uses in 4.8 levels of bolts and 4 levels of nuts, the small screw and so on non-degree of hardness request product. (note: Drills the tail nail mainly to use 1022 materials. )
2nd, the medium carbon steel 0.25% 3rd, high-carbon steel C%>0.45%. At present in the market basic has not used 4th, alloy steel: Joins the alloying element in the Pu carbon steel, increases the steel products some special performances: Like 35, 40 chromium molybdenum, SCM435,10B38. Lives the screw mainly to use the SCM435 chromium molybdenum alloy steel fragrant, the principal constituent has C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo. (two) stainless steel. Performance rating: 45,50,60,70,80 The martensite, the 13%Cr inoxidizability is bad, the intensity is high, the resistance to wear is good. C1, C2, C4 ferritic stainless steel. 18%Cr dui hammers the nature to be good, inoxidizability strong in martensite. At present in the market the imported material is mainly the Japanese product. According to rank main minute SUS302, SUS304, SUS316. (three) copper. The commonly used material is the brass…Zinc copper alloy. In the market mainly with H62, H65, the H68 copper makes the standard letter. Second, the carbon steel product uses wire rod: Serial number Type May select material quality 1 4.8 level of hexagon bolts 1008K 1010 1015K 2 6.8 level of hexagon bolts 1032 1035 1040 CH38F 1039 3 8.8 level of hexagon bolts 1035ACR (below M10) 1040ACR (above M12) CH38F 1045ACR 1039 10B21 10B33 10B38 4 8.8 level in hexagon bolts CH38F 1039 10B21 (M10-M12) 10B33 (M14) 10B38 (M12-M24) 10B21 5 10.9 level of hexagon bolts 1045ACR10B38 6 │8│ level cap nut 1008K 1010 7 8 levels of cap nuts 1015(M<16) CH38F (M≥16) 8 10 levels of cap nuts CH38F 1039 10B21 10B33 9 12 levels of cap nuts 1039 10B21 10B33 10B38 10 Horse-drawn vehicle screw 1008 1010 1015 11 Six square staff raised bolts CH38F 1039 10B21 10B33 10B38 12 Hexagonal wood screw 1008K1010 13 From attacks the nail, the wall plate nail Drills the tail nail, the clamping plank nail 10181022CH22A 14 Machine screw furniture screw 10081010 Third, in material each kind of element to steel nature influence: 2nd, manganese (Mn): Enhances the steel stock intensity, and enhances the hardening capacity to a certain extent. Namely when quenching increased the hard permeating intensity, the manganese has also been able to improve the surface quality, but too many manganese were disadvantageous to the ductility and the weldability. And will affect when the galvanization will coat control. 3rd, nickel (Ni): Enhances the steel stock intensity, improves under the low temperature toughness, enhances bears the atmospheric corrosion ability, and may guarantee that the stable heat treatment effect, reduces the hydrogen embrittlement the function. 4th, chromium (Cr): Can enhance the hardening capacity, the improvement resistance to wear, sharpens the anti-corrosive ability, and is advantageous under the high temperature maintains the intensity. 5th, molybdenum (Mo): Can help the control hardening capacity, reduces the steel to the temper brittleness sensitivity, to enhances under high temperature the tensile strength to have the very tremendous influence. 6th, boron (B): Can enhance the hardening capacity, and is helpful in causes the low-carbon steel to have the anticipated response to the heat treatment. 7th, vitriol (V): Refinement austenite crystal grain, improvement toughness. 8th, silicon (Si): Guaranteed that the steel stock the intensity, the suitable content may improve the steel stock plasticity and toughness. Fourth, characteristic of synopsis about stainless steel material quality (304, 316) Name C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Cu 304M ≤0.06 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤0.045 ≤0.03 8.91-10.0 18.0-20.0 0 0 316 ≤0.03-0.06 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤0.045 ≤0.03 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.0-3.0 0 304HC ≤0.08 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤0.045 ≤0.03 8.0-10.5 17.0-19.0 0 1.0-3.0 (two) relations of main of chemical composition and the stainless steel performance. 1st, carbon C may the hardening and the intensity, the content is excessively high will reduce its ductility and the corrosion resistance (three) material quality other performance (four) conclusion 1st, 304M, 304HC, 3163 kind of material qualities are the present 300 series austenite stainless steel use one of broadest material qualities. The various material qualities obvious difference is: After the cold finishing, material quality magnetism is 316<304HC<304M. 316 material quality anti-chemicals corrode, anti-Kong Shixing and the anti-sea water anticorrosion performance is opposite in 304M and 304HC must be fine. 2nd, in brief, stainless steel standard letter characteristic for anti-corrosive, artistic, health, therefore but in its intensity, the degree of hardness normal condition is equal in the carbon steel (6.8 levels) should not be possible to hit, strikes, the attention to maintain its surface smooth finish, the precision to the stainless steel product, and cannot be equally casual with the use carbon steel product exerts the strength, may also not the application of force be oversized, because simultaneously the stainless steel ductility is good, when use produces the cast steel filings easily to stick in the cap nut tooth level place, increases the Moroccan cha strength, easy to cause to deadlock, but uses the carbon steel, even if will produce the iron filings also to fall, will be opposite is not easy in the stainless steel to deadlock.
The main minute austenite (18%Cr, 8%Ni) the thermal stability is good, the inoxidizability is good, the weldability is good. A1, A2, A4
1st, carbon (C): Enhances the steel stock intensity, particularly its heat treatment performance, but along with carbon amount increase, the plasticity and toughness drops, and will affect steel stock Leng Dui the performance and the welding performance.
(one) these three kind of material qualities are 300 series austenite stainless steel, its chemical composition is as follows:
2nd, chromium Cr may increase the corrosion resistance, the oxidation resistance, causes a grain of refinement, the gain in strength, degree of hardness and the resistance to wear
3rd, nickel Ni may increase the strength at high temperatures, the corrosion resistance, cuts speed of the cold finishing hardening
4th, molybdenum Mo the gain in strength, is fine to the oxide compound and the sea water corrosion resistance
5th, copper Cu favors the cold finishing formation, reduces magnetism
1st, above material quality normal state nonmagnetic. after 304M cold finishing, slightly magnetic (about 1.6u-2.0u); the 304HC magnetism is (about 1.01u-1.6u); after 316 material quality cold finishings, magnetism is smaller than 1.01u.
2nd, various material qualities have the good ductility, the easy cold finishing formation, the tensile strength, the yield strength, to be possible to meet the requirements. (Ts tensile strength min 700N/mm, Ys yield strength min 450N/mm)
